Film-type patterned retarder (FPR) -MASTER GUIDE

 

Film-type patterned retarder (FPR) 

It is a new generation 3D technology also sometimes known as "space division switching" or "passive polarization." In order to deliver the 3D content to the end user, a typical FPR display sends left/right images simultaneously, and then splits the left/right signals using a patterned retarder film attached to the panel. polarizing glasses deliver these images to the corresponding left/right eye. Generally, the passive polarization delivers half of the vertical resolution per eye, meaning 1920 x 540 pixels per eye. Compared to SG methods which require 120 Hz input signals to work (in order to deliver 60 Hz per eye), an FPR display can operate only at 60 Hz. 

Features of FPR technology 
Some important features of FPR as a 3D technology are listed below. 

• Flicker free: Unlike SG technology, in FPR the glasses do not actively shut the lenses in any way and realize a "comfortable-to-eye 3D image" without flicker. 
• High brightness: The FPR displays offer a better bright three-dimensional image by allowing enough amounts of light to pass through the open glasses. 
• Comfortable glasses: FPR type glasses do not need batteries and are lighter than SG 
• No crosstalk: Since FPR type displays are capable of separating the left/right images more efficiently, they are designed to produce a crisper and clearer three-dimensional image. 
• Refresh rate: FPR can achieve reduce perceived motion blur due to the fact that FPR type TVs operate at 240 Hz in either 2D or 3D mode using interpolation refresh rates and backlight scanning techniques. 
• Resolution: FPR technology, which is based on space-division, displays both the left and right eye image simultaneously by using lines of resolution. Of the 1,080 lines of resolution that make up Full HD (1920 x 1080), the left eye essentially sees the odd lines while the right eye sees the even lines. This means that that only 1920 x 540 is being seen by left/right eye. Note that in the end, when the left image is combined with the right image, the viewer can see the Full HD image.
• The special film and drawbacks: In FPR, a special film in front of the display produces the 3D effect. The role of the passive glasses is to filter the image so that the resolution is split vertically in two portions. FPR sometimes suffers from visible stepping effects in an image and look jagged or appear interlaced. 
• New generation 3D technology: FPR is an advanced "new generation 3D technology" wherein 3D effect is created through the screen itself as opposed to through the polarizing glasses. 

COORDINATE SYSTEM OVERVIEW 

The implementation and use of computer graphics and modeling systems rely upon mathematical operations on points and vectors. Many of these operations are parts of the internal graphics system; others are application-specific and required by users of such systems to derive geometric entities for the application. In any case, we require a fixed coordinate system that incorporates an origin and associated axes to define the position of objects in space. 
A coordinate system is a framework used to define the positions (locations) of points in space in either two or three dimensions. To be more precise, a coordinate system is a way to determine the position of a point by a set of numbers (coordinates) that can be distances from a set of reference planes, angles subtended with an origin, or a combination of both. 
Different coordinate systems represent an object in 2D or 3D shapes, depending on the kind of shape. It can be easier to represent an object using one coordinate system than another. The most commonly used coordinate systems are the Cartesian coordinate system, the polar coordinate system, and the spherical coordinate system. Another class of coordinates system, called cylindrical coordinates, is also used in place at large.

Cartesian coordinate system 

Cartesian coordinates can be of two or three dimensions. The Cartesian coordinate system (also called rectangular coordinate system) is used to determine each point uniquely in a plane through two numbers, usually called the x-coordinate (or abscissa) and the ycoordinate (or ordinate) of the point. To define the coordinates, two perpendicular directed lines (the x-axis and the y-axis) are specified, as well as the unit length that is marked off on the two axes (Figure 1.28a). Cartesian coordinate systems are also used in space (where three coordinates are used) and in higher dimensions (Figure 1.28b).Using the Cartesian coordinate system, different geometric shapes can be described by algebraic equations, namely equations satisfied by the coordinates of the points lying on the shape. A Cartesian coordinate system, in two dimensions, is commonly defined by two axes, at right angles to each other, forming a plane (an xy-plane). The horizontal axis is normally labeled x, and the vertical axis y. In a 3D coordinate system, another axis, normally labeled z, is added, providing a third dimension of a space measurement. The 3D Cartesian coordinate system provides the three physical dimensions of space—length, width, and height. The axes are commonly defined as mutually orthogonal to one another (each at a right angle to the other).